Selasa, 21 Februari 2012

NEWS ITEM

News item is factual text which infroms the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Function of news item :
Social function of news items is to infrom readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:
- Newsworthy event(s) : recounts the events in summary form.
- Background event(s) : elaborate what happend , to WHOM, in WHAT circumstance.
- Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.

Significant Granma features:
~ Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
~ Generally using Simple Past Tense
~ Use of material priocesses to rettel the event
~ Using Action verbs, ex: run, go, kil, etc
~ Using saying verbs, ex: say, tell
~ Focus on circumstances
~ Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.

There an some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible:
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of “be’
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tnese is used, usually to describe something that is changing or
developing,but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
5. Headlines are not always complete sentence

A headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article
below it.
Read some newspaper headlines below:
1. Michael Jackson’s last album “This is it” will be on the market in November.
2. Rupiah becomes stronger at the end of this week.
Example:
RI wants Thai firms to work with local fishery companies
Lilian Budianto , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta Tue, 02/16/2010 11:11 AM World
Is it right?: Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa (right) talks to Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya during a press conference at the Foreign Ministry, on Monday, in Jakarta. Marty held a bilateral meeting with his visiting counterpart Kasit to discuss a range of issues, including illegal fishing and the situation in southern Thailand. JP/J. Adiguna
Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa said here Monday Indonesia wanted Thai fishing firms to form joint venture with local companies if they wanted to continue operating in Indonesian waters.After receiving Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya at his office in Jakarta, Marty told a press conference that the joint operation was a key step toward eradicating illegal fishing. “We are working very closely to finalize an MoU by the middle of this year — one that moves beyond the old formula of the issuance of license [for Thai vessels to operate in Indonesian waters], and toward more joint ventures and partnerships for the mutual benefit of both countries,” Marty said. The memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Jakarta and Bangkok has been the subject of deliberations since early last year. Many Thai fishing firms operate with legal documents in the archipelago, but allegedly have not built processing plants as required by Indonesian regulations. The regulations, which were introduced in 2008, were aimed at creating added value and jobs in Indonesia. The Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Ministry said Indonesian waters were the world’s biggest victim of illegal fishing, with up to 1.6 million tons of its fish being poached every year by fishing vessels from a number of other countries including Thailand. The ministry said there were at least 1,000 foreign vessels involved in illegal fishing in Indonesia’s exclusive economic zones every year, since Indonesian patrols could only cover 12 percent of the area.In the press conference, Minister Kasit expressed his agreement on the need for Thai fishery companies to work with their Indonesian counterparts if they wanted to continue operating in Indonesian waters.“As a country with the largest fishing fleet in the world and one of the largest fishery processing industries, Thailand is dependent on Indonesia’s fish [resources],” Kasit said.“But if we are to come here to fish, we want the benefits to be shared with the Indonesian side. So, there would be mutual benefits and no notion of unilateral exploitation by the Thai side...”Indonesian Ambassador to Thailand Muhammad Hatta said illegal Thai fishing in Indonesian waters cost the country Rp 30 trillion (US$2.8 billion) in every year, representing more than half of the total state losses inflicted by illegal fishing activities.“Indonesia and Thailand have set up a joint task force, which works to share information as well as take control of fishing activities in sea border areas.”Minister Kasit spent 2 days in Jakarta for a visit he said was intended to “take stock of bilateral relations” after 60 years of diplomatic ties. Both ministers will convene at the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in Vietnam in April.Berly Martawardaya, a lecturer with the University of Indonesia’s school of economics, said both countries had to utilize ASEAN forums to sort out pending issues before the formation of the ASEAN community by 2015.“It is recognized that Indonesia is facing difficulties in maintaining control of its vast water areas with its limited budget.”
2. SINGAPORE: A supervisor was jailed for two months for repeatedly striking his Indonesian maid on the head and back with a television remote.Muhammad Shafiq Woon Abdullah was brought to court in Singapore because he had physically hurt the woman on several occasions between June and October 2002, the Straits Time said.The magistrate’s court heard that Shafiq, 31, began striking Winarti, 22, about a month after she started working for him.He hit her on the head with the TV sets remote control because he was unhappy with her work. On the occasion, he punched her on the back after accusing her of daydreaming.S.S. Dhillon, Shafiq’s lawyer, said that his client had become mad when he saw his daughter’s face covered as she was lying in bed. He said his client thought the maid had put the child in danger.

NOUN PHRASE

A noun phrase (NP) is a phrase whose head is a noun or a pronoun, optionally accompanied by a set of modifiers.
This means that one noun or pronoun can be grammatically functioned as NP.
For the NP modifer, there are 2 kinds considering by its position:
1. pre-modifier (modifier which is placed before the noun)
2. post-modifier (modifier which is placed after the noun)
The NP pattern is simple in normal sentence and imperative mood, but it’s much harder in question form with inversion.




For English:
1) pre-modifier (modifier which is placed before the noun)
1.1) Adjective
1. Opinion or judgment — beautiful, ugly, easy, fast, interesting
2. Size — small, tall, short, big
3. Age — young, old, new, historic, ancient
4. Shape — round, square, rectangular
5. Color — red, black, green, purple
6. Nationality — French, Asian, American, Canadian, Japanese
7. Material — wooden, metallic, plastic, glass, paper
8. Purpose or Qualifier — foldout (sofa), fishing (boat), racing (car)


For an adjective, it is allowed to have several adjectives modifying one head noun, but their relative order is fixed to a certain degree following the given orders respectively, e.g., beautiful long curved old red Italian steel racing car.
1.2) Determiner which includes
– articles (the, a)
– demonstratives (this, that)
– numerals (two, 5)
– possessives (my, their)
– quantifiers (some, many)


For a determiner, one unit can be used once for a certain NP. However, the rule is dismissed in case of royal usage, e.g., his majesty the king.
1.3) Noun
– some noun can be placed before another noun as a modifier such as university student, tiger hunting, etc. This include noun with possessive marker ’s such as Nurse’s uniform.
2) post-modifier (modifier which is placed after the noun)
2.1) Prepositional phrase (PP)
– PP here includes an NP after the head preposition (in the box) in = preposition | the box = NP
2.2) Relative Clause (RC)
– Not all RCs are able to modify NP but adjective clause.
Check this out!
(1) I don’t care who he is.
(2) I don’t care her who doesn’t love me.
Only example (2) is an adjective clause since the clause with relative marker is functioned as an adjective to modify pronoun “her”.
In example (1), the clause is function as an object of the sentence so it is called a noun clause and it is not concerned as a post modifier to NP.

Here is all possible NP modifiers in English.
!Note that adjective and determiner can occur together, but a determiner always positions on the leftmost. Moreover, both of them can only modify a noun, not a personal pronoun.
!!Another note that adjective clause modifies the immediate noun, e.g., “the book on the table which is burnt” = “which is burnt” modifies table, not book.

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice  is very popular use, both in everyday conversations and in reading books. In the Indonesian language sentence is known as a verb beginning with di-(written, given, scolded, etc.). In the active sentence we may say so:

The teacher warned Nitha for being late. -> Teachers warned Nitha for being late.

But if we want to express this sentence in the passive voice, we will say:

Nitha was warned by the teacher for being late. -> Nitha warned by the teacher for being late.

The rules for forming the passive voice,

(1) The sentence should have Object (Transitive Verb).

(2) Object in the active sentence becomes the subject in passive sentences.

(3) said his work should form the III (Past Participle) preceded by a to be (am, is, are, was, were the resource persons, been). And

(4) The structure of the sentence by tenses.

A. Simple Past Tense
Struktur —> Subject + was/were + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) Fire destroyed the house. —> (P) The house was destroyed by fire.

B. Simple Present Tense
Stuktur —> Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) People all over the world speak English. —> (P) English is spoken all over the world.

C. Present Perfect Tense
Struktur —> Subject + have/has been + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) The students have copied the lesson. —> (P) The lesson has been copied by the students.

D. Present Continuous Tense
Struktur —> Subject + am/is/are + being + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) She is typing the letter. —> (P) The letter is being typed.

E. Simple Future Tense
Struktur —> Subject + shall/will be + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) They will sign the contract next week. —> (P) The contract will be signed next week.

F. Passive Voice with Auxiliaries
Struktur —> Subject + aux + be + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) He must finish the work today. —> (P) The work must be finished today.
(BK)assive Voice  is very popular use, both in everyday conversations and in reading books. In the Indonesian language sentence is known as a verb beginning with di-(written, given, scolded, etc.). In the active sentence we may say so:

The teacher warned Nitha for being late. -> Teachers warned Nitha for being late.

But if we want to express this sentence in the passive voice, we will say:

Nitha was warned by the teacher for being late. -> Nitha warned by the teacher for being late.

The rules for forming the passive voice,

(1) The sentence should have Object (Transitive Verb).

(2) Object in the active sentence becomes the subject in passive sentences.

(3) said his work should form the III (Past Participle) preceded by a to be (am, is, are, was, were the resource persons, been). And

(4) The structure of the sentence by tenses.

A. Simple Past Tense
Struktur —> Subject + was/were + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) Fire destroyed the house. —> (P) The house was destroyed by fire.

B. Simple Present Tense
Stuktur —> Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) People all over the world speak English. —> (P) English is spoken all over the world.

C. Present Perfect Tense
Struktur —> Subject + have/has been + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) The students have copied the lesson. —> (P) The lesson has been copied by the students.

D. Present Continuous Tense
Struktur —> Subject + am/is/are + being + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) She is typing the letter. —> (P) The letter is being typed.

E. Simple Future Tense
Struktur —> Subject + shall/will be + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) They will sign the contract next week. —> (P) The contract will be signed next week.

F. Passive Voice with Auxiliaries
Struktur —> Subject + aux + be + Past Participle
Contoh :
(A) He must finish the work today. —> (P) The work must be finished today.
(BK)VVV

SIMPLE FUTURE

Simple Future Tense used to express occurrence/activity to happened/to be  done in the future,do 10 minutes or 1 hour to come ,tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow ,next week,next month ,next year,and so on.If past tenses express occurrence/activity after now ( time past ) ,tenses future simple express occurrence /activity before now.
( time future).


 Positive Tenses
Pattern :
  • S + will+ verb1+ O+ modifier
  • S + ( is,are.am ) + going + verb1+ O+ modifier
  • S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier

  • Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month
  • Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester.
  • Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning.
Negative Tense
Pattern :
  • S + will + not + verb1+ O + modifier
  • S +{ ( is,are,am ) going to }+ not +verb1 + O + modifier
  • S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier

  • Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month
  • Transpiration will not start to increase tonight
  • He will not be very happy when he finds out.
Question
Pattern :
    • Will + S + verb1+ O + modifier
    • Will + S + { ( is,are,am ) going to }+ O + modifier
    • Will + S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier

    • Will farmers in Jati in Bali grow rice crops next month ?
      • Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning  ?
      • Will he be very happy when he finds out ?

MODAL IN PAST FORM

*Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Nitha : I’m having trouble with math.
Rizki : Why don’t you ask Novita ?
Perhaps she could help you.

*Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibillities.
Example :
Hera : Why is Rian taking the bus to get home.
Fana : He might get a flat time.

*Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Bean : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Lien : I would visit my grandparents In the village, but how not anymore.

*Would + Mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Example :
Mrs. Pupy : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Mhiita : No, Not at all.

*Should + Verb base
Example :
Nisa : Putri , you should go to library now ?
Putri : O.k.

INVITATION (WRITTEN)

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something ..

There are 2 types of invitation :

Formal invitation is usually originate from institutes, companies, and a kind of it. Normally, formal invitation is written invitation ..



Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation ..

* Verbal Invitation
Extending (mengundang), example :
* I would like to invite you to come to my office
* Would you like to come to my house ?
* How would you like to go fishing with us next week ?
* If you are not busy, please try to come to my café
* Are you free this evening ?
* Let’s go to my school anniversary !
* Can you come ?
* Please try to come
* We hope you will join us
* If you don’t have any other plans, would you come to the restaurant ?
* Would you please attend my party tonight ?
* If you don’t mind, please come to house tomorrow
* Let’s have to dinner together with me
* Would you mind coming to my birthday party ?

* Accepting (menerima), example :
* I’d love to
* I like that
* That sounds great
* Thank you for the invitation
* That would be wonderful
* I’d be glad to ….
* That sounds like fun
* It’s very nice of you to invite me
* It sounds interesting
* Thank you . Yes, I would to ….
* Ok !

* Declining (menolak), example :
* I’d love to, but I can’t, because ….
* I’m really sorry because I can’t come
* Sorry, I’m really busy
* I’d love to, but I won’t be able to ….
* I’d love to but I don’t think I can
* Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks
* That’s nice / great. Unfortunately / however ….
* That’s very kind of you, but ….

Example :
Vira : Kia, today is my brother's birthday. What about having dinner together with us ?
Jaskia : All right. What time will you celebrate it ?
Vira : At seven. Shall I pick you up ?
Jaskia : If you don't mind. But I will stay in my uncle house tonight.

Example of written invitation
  1. In formal Invitation
From : Ditha
To : Elisca
Hi, friend next week is my birthday. At my birthday I am 15 years old.
And I would like you to come to my birthday Party.
Date : January 24 2011
Time : 03.00 pm
Place : In Batang Garing
I will be happy if you come to my birthday Party.
See you …..

  1. Formal Invitation
STUDENT ORGANIZATION OF SMA NEGERI 2 PAHANDUT
K.S.Tubun Street No 02 Palangkaraya Tel[. (0536) 3223322
To : Steven Kristino, class XI IA1
Would you please attend our meeting that will be held
Day : on Friday, january 2011
Time : at 10.00 am
Place : in the school hall
Please, come on time. See you there !

Secretary
                  Yanti Anggrenie

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .






 Textstructure:
- Identification: Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
- Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or Characteristic.

 Language figures:
a. Topic is usually about the attributes of a think.
b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used.
c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants.
d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun.
e. The use of material.
f. The use of relation and mental process.

Characteristic:
a. Use the simple present tense.
b. Using detailed noun phrases to provide information on the subject.
c. Uses relating verbs to provide information on the subject.
d. Use the thinking and feeling verbs to reveal personal views about the subject
author.
e. Use action verbs.
f. Use adverbials to provide additional information.
g. Use figurative language such as simile, metaphor.

 Grammatical features:
- Who? What?
- Using linking verb and simple present tense,
- Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase,
- Attributive (the)
- Use a attributive and identifying process,
- Focus an specific participants,
- Frequent use of epithets and classified in nominal groups


I will give you the example in some other time, see ya...

DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH

A. Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact word oe saying exactly what someone has said(sometimes called quoted speech) here what a peson says appears within quotation marks(“….”) and should be word for word.
For example :
She said,”today’s lesson is on presentations.” Or
“Today’s lesson is on presentations,” she said.

B.Indirect speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech),doesn’t use quotation marks to enclpse what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

For example :” I’m going to the cinema”,he said – he said he was going to the cinema.

Tense Change
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. Because when we use reported speech,we are usually talking about a time in the past. Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are : Tell , other command , ask,warn remind

Simple present - Past tenses
Vita said” I eat fried rice” vita said that she ate fried rice

Simple past - Past perfect
Mother said” I went to market yesterday” - mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Simple future - Past future
Dave said” I will buy an i-pod nexk week’ - Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after.

Present continuous - Past continuous
Gama said” I’m playing football” - Gama said he was playing football

Past continuous - Past perfect continuous
She said” I was teaching earlier” - she said she had been teaching earlier

-when report what someone said,don’t usually repeat their exact weords,use our words, we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by”that clause”
example : my mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.

In time expression and pronouns
Direct speech-----
-now
-today/tonight
-Yesterday
-tomorrow
-last week
-next week
-ago
-this/these
-here
-pronouns

Indirect speech-----
-then
-that day/that night
-the day before/the previous day
-the next/following day
-the previous week
-the following week/the week after
-before
-that/those
-there
-they changes according to the context

Modal verb froms also sometimes change :
Direct speech-----
Will
Can
Must
Shall
May

Indirect speech-----
would
could
had
should
might

Note – there is no change to;could,would,should,might and ought too.
Direct speech
“I might go to the cinema”, he said

Indirect speech
He said he might go to cinema.
A. Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact word oe saying exactly what someone has said(sometimes called quoted speech) here what a peson says appears within quotation marks(“….”) and should be word for word.
For example :
She said,”today’s lesson is on presentations.” Or
“Today’s lesson is on presentations,” she said.

B.Indirect speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech),doesn’t use quotation marks to enclpse what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

For example :” I’m going to the cinema”,he said – he said he was going to the cinema.

Tense Change
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. Because when we use reported speech,we are usually talking about a time in the past. Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are : Tell , other command , ask,warn remind

Simple present - Past tenses
Vita said” I eat fried rice” vita said that she ate fried rice

Simple past - Past perfect
Mother said” I went to market yesterday” - mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Simple future - Past future
Dave said” I will buy an i-pod nexk week’ - Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after.

Present continuous - Past continuous
Gama said” I’m playing football” - Gama said he was playing football

Past continuous - Past perfect continuous
She said” I was teaching earlier” - she said she had been teaching earlier

-when report what someone said,don’t usually repeat their exact weords,use our words, we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by”that clause”
example : my mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.

In time expression and pronouns
Direct speech-----
-now
-today/tonight
-Yesterday
-tomorrow
-last week
-next week
-ago
-this/these
-here
-pronouns

Indirect speech-----
-then
-that day/that night
-the day before/the previous day
-the next/following day
-the previous week
-the following week/the week after
-before
-that/those
-there
-they changes according to the context

Modal verb froms also sometimes change :
Direct speech-----
Will
Can
Must
Shall
May

Indirect speech-----
would
could
had
should
might

Note – there is no change to;could,would,should,might and ought too.
Direct speech
“I might go to the cinema”, he said

Indirect speech
He said he might go to cinema.

Surprises or Disbelief

Surprises or disbelief is used to express something that we can’t believe or impossible.
Expressing Surprise Responding
Wow! What a surprise1 Yeah!
That’s a surprise! It is.
That’s very surprising! Yup!
Really? Sure.
What? It’s true.
Are yiu serious? You must be joking! I’m serious.
You’re kidding ! No, I’m not.
Fancy that! It is.
I must say it surprises me. Does it ?
I find it hard to believe. It is, isn’t it?



GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

Several expressions of congratulating, complimenting, and thanking:
Congratulation : is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.



Congratulating:
• Congratulations!
• Congratulations on your success!
• Happy birthday!
• Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!
• Merry Christmas!
• Happy New Year!
• Happy Valentine!
• Happy anniversary!
Compliment  is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example:
 on his/her general appearance
 if you notice something new about the person’s appearance
 when you visit someone’s house for the first time
 when other people do their best
Complimenting:
• What a nice dress!
• You look great.
• You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.
• I really must express my admiration for your dance.
• Good grades!
• Excellent!
• Nice work!
• Good job!
Gratitude  is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.
Thanking:
• Thank you very much
• Thank you for your help
• I’m really very grateful to you
• You’re welcome
• Don’t mention it
• It’s a pleasure / My pleasure
• I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)
• I am grateful to your help

Rabu, 08 Februari 2012

GREETINGS

Greetings is a way for human beings to intentionally communicate awareness of each other’s presence, to show attention to, and/or to affirm or suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.
As many forms of communication, greetings habits are highly culture and situation. Specific and many changes within a culture dispending on social status and relationship : the [phenomenon] as such exists in all known human cultures though.
Greetings can be expressed both avdibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other then gestures.
Example:
How do you greet other people?
~ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening / Night / nite.
~ Hi / Hello, Aiiu!
~ How everything with you?
~ How are you / How life / How are you getting along?
~ Fine thanks!
~ Pretty goods thanks!
~ I’m well, thanks.
~ Not bad, thanks. And you?
How do introduce yourself?
~ Let me introduce myself. My name is Ayu Maulida.
~ Hello, my name is Ayou!
~ Hi, I’m Aiiu!
How do you introduce other people?
~ I would like to introduce KiQy!
~ I would like you to meet agree.
~ Excuse me, let me introduce my new friend. Her name is KiQy.

Giving Intructions

Giving Intructions
Giving Intruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request.
The example expression of giving instructions
  • Open your book
  • Close the door ,please !
  • Stand up ,please
  • Be quiet,please
  • Move them chair
1.We use as commanding word in the from of infinite
Without to : _ strand up
_  clean the room
2.We use be + adjective ,or noun or adverb
_ be careful
_ be on time
3.We use the word don’t + verb infinite without
To  : _ don’t move !
_  don’t do it !
4. We use word please at beginning or at the end of an instruction to make it sounds more polite,for
Example :  _ love me please
_ keep silent,please
Note : the tense used in giving instruction is ‘’ simple present ‘’

HAPPINESS EXPRESSIONS

Happiness expression is an expression that is used to say that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.

What is happiness?
It’s important to first understand that is term “happiness” refers to the emotion, mood and state of happiness, however happiness researchers generally study the move enduring “state”.
Expressing happiness is used to expression happiness feeling when we are successful to do something.

What would you say to express your happiness?
  -          I’m happy . . .
  -          I’m (very) pleasure / (really) delighted (about) . . .
  -          I can’t say how pleased / delighted I am about it.
  -          I am so glad to hear that.
  -          Great!
  -          Terrific!
  -          Fantastic!
  -          I’m glad now.

Example of happiness expression :
Mr. Punk         : Congratulations, Ayu! You’re the first winner and you get one million rupiah!
Ayu                 : Am I? Thank you very much.
Mr. Punk         : How do you feel, Ayu?
Ayu                 : It’s really give me great pleasure! I’m so happy!

I’m very happy, because how I can get together with my old friends. Oh, how I miss them.  I see that their appearances have not changed. Wima, the Winner Of  The Piano Competition, is playing us romantic music.

Annoucement

Definition of announcement:

Annoucement is something said ,written,or paintend  to make know what has happened( more often) what will happen.

In writing an announcement ,keep the following points:

  • The title/ type of event
  • Date /time ,place and
  • Contact person

For the example:

a                                                        “ Attention Please”

The student organization( osis)

Will hold a weekend camping

Next week all students are

Allwed to join it

Afgan


b

3  A class Excursion

We travel by bus to Situ Gunung

Days: on Friday – on Sunday

Time: at 9.a.m and at 4.p.m

Tent and floor mars will be provided but you will need a sleeping bag.You will also need  a bag to carry your clothes, a water proof coat and pair of boots.Please bring your own plastic plate ,spoon and cup and backpack for emergency equipment.

3 A   camping  coordinator

phatony

Appointment

APPOINTMENT
Definition of appointment:
Appointment tell about agreement for meeting it is good to make an appointment before you meet or people.
1.Making an Appointment
  • Can I come and see you ?
  • I want to make an appointment to see
  • I ‘ll be there
2.Accepting an Appointment
  • Be there on time
  • It’s a deal
  • I’ll wait for you
3.Canceling an Appointment
  • I’m sorry ,I ‘m very busy
  • I ‘m terrible sorry I have to put off my Appointment
4.Changing an Appointment
  • What about……………( Tuesday at.04.00.p.m)
  • Do you have another time this afternoon
  • Well,I must be off now .I’ll talk to you later.
For the example of  dialogue about Appointment
Dhina  : Hi,can I talk to Afgan ?
Afgan  : Ya ,it’s me .Who is talking ?
Dhina  : I ‘m Dhina .Sorry to disturb you
Afgan  : No problem.What’s up ?
Dhina  : Well,you like to accompany me to Gary’s House this  afternoon?
Afgan  : Yeah.I can
Dhina  : Okay .I will pick up you at.5.p.m
Afgan  : Ok .I wait You.

Advertisement

Definition of advertisement :

Advertising is a communication whose is to inform potential costumers about to generic increased consumption of those product and service through the creation and reinforcement of brand loyalty.For these purposes advertisement often contain both factual information and persuasive messages.Every major medium is used to deliver these messages,including,television,radio,movies,magazines,newspaper,video games,the internet and billboards.Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company.

In short,advert

Information for persuading and motivation people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of advertisement

a.Promotion

b.Communication

c.Information

In making an advertisement keep the following points :

1.Language of advertisement  :

  • Using the correct or suitable words
  • Using the interesting and suggestive expression
  • Using positive expression
  • Text of advertisement should be directed to goal

2.Content of advertisement :

  • Objective and honest
  • Brief and clear
  • Not  mocking to group or other producer
  • Attractive attention


Advertisement How 2 meaning :

  • Advertisement is a comerical solicitation designed to sell some commodity,service or similar.Companies try to sell their product using.
  • Advertisement is a public notice the city council placed an advertisment in the local newspaper in informs it residents of the forthcom in road works

Advertisment is refers to all people many advertisment are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and service through the creation and reinforcement of brand image ” N ” barand loyality

For the example:

‘’ Find the correct spelling “

And pronunciation more than 80,000 word with this

Electronic dictionary

Made of strong plastic.

Comes in two colors: Dark Gray and Ligth Blue

$ 104.50.

Gaining Attention

Gaining Attention
Gaining attention is a way or eexpression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to .
If yu want to gain attention of some people you can use  this:
  • Attention, please
  • May  I have your attention ,please ?
  • Excuse me, Look here !
  • Listen to me ,please !
  • Waiter ?
  • I’m sorry ,but……………..
  • Wow really ?
** Example **
Dodi    : Excuse me,mr !
Dedi    : Yes,what happen ?
Dodi    : Can you speak in Germany ?
Dedi    : Oh, I can’t speak in Germany ,sir.I just can speak an English   .I’m   sorry
Dodi    : Okay .Thank you sir.
Dedi    : You are welcome.

Invitation

INVITATION
Invitation tell about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity.
How to invite someone
  • I would like you to
  • Whould you like to….?
  • Shall we…………..?
  • Let’s have dinner together with me tonight
How to accept an Invitation
  • All right!
  • I will come
  • I would love to
How to refuse / decline an Invitation
  • I’m afraid .I can’t
  • That’s very kind of you,but……………..
  • I can’t for now because I ‘m busy………………………..
For the example of dialogue about Invitation
Dhina : Hi, don.What are you doing tonight ?
Doni   : I wiil just stay at home
Dhina : Well,whould you like to come my birthday tonight?
Doni   : Oww, you are going to celebrate your birthday, what time?
Dhina : At .06.00.p.m .Don’t be Late
Doni    : All right .Thankz for you invite me
Dhina  : Okay.See you tonight .Good bye
Doni    : Good bye too

Sympathy Expression

Sympathy Expression
The definition of sympathy Expression  :
Sympathy Expression is an expression or feeling of pity  and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition .By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people ‘s condition.
How can we give sympathy expression to someone :
We express it directly to him/her orally or we  can use a letter or card by post also by short message service ( sms ), e-mail,television ,radio ,and newspaper if he /she who got the trouble is far from us.
Several expression  of sympathy :
  • I ‘m so sorry to haer that
  • I’m awfully sorry about……….
  • Oh ,how awfully
  • Oh, dear !
  • How pity you are !
Example of dialogue that expression :
Mr Afgan : You know that ? David has lost contact with his friend
Asraf         :  I’ m awfully sorry about information it.
 
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